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SSL, GDPR and cookies: what UK businesses need to know

Website compliance sounds intimidating, but it doesn't have to be. Here's a straightforward guide to the three things every UK business website needs to get right.

SSL certificates — the padlock in your browser

What is SSL?

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encrypts the connection between your website and your visitors' browsers. You can tell a site has SSL when the URL starts with "https://" instead of "http://". Most browsers show a padlock icon next to secure sites.

Why you need it

Three reasons:

How to get it

Most modern hosting providers include free SSL certificates via Let's Encrypt. If yours doesn't, it's time to switch. At Omotra, SSL is included in every package — you don't need to think about it.

UK GDPR — the data protection rules

What is UK GDPR?

The UK General Data Protection Regulation is the UK's version of the EU's GDPR, retained after Brexit. It governs how businesses collect, store, and use personal data. The regulator is the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO).

What it means for your website

If your website collects any personal data — names, email addresses, phone numbers, IP addresses — you need to comply. In practical terms, this means:

1. Privacy policy

Every website that collects data must have a privacy policy that explains:

This needs to be written in plain English, not legalese. The ICO provides templates and guidance on their website.

2. Lawful basis for processing

You need a legal reason to collect and use personal data. For most small business websites, the two relevant bases are:

3. Data minimisation

Only collect what you actually need. If your contact form asks for name, email, phone, address, date of birth, company size, annual revenue, and favourite colour — that's too much. Name, email, and their message is usually sufficient.

4. ICO registration

Most businesses that process personal data need to register with the ICO and pay a small annual fee (£40 for most small businesses). You can check whether you need to register using the ICO's self-assessment tool.

Penalties

The maximum fine for serious GDPR breaches is £17.5 million or 4% of annual turnover. In practice, the ICO tends to issue smaller fines and enforcement notices for small businesses, but it's not a risk worth taking — especially when compliance is straightforward.

Cookie consent — the popup everyone ignores

What are cookies?

Cookies are small files stored in a visitor's browser. They're used for everything from remembering login sessions to tracking which pages someone visits. The rules around them come from the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (PECR), which work alongside GDPR.

What the law requires

The rules are simpler than most people think:

The key word is "before." You can't load Google Analytics and then ask permission. You need to ask first, and only load the tracking script if the visitor agrees.

What a compliant cookie banner looks like

A proper cookie consent banner should:

The practical approach

If your website only uses essential cookies (no analytics, no tracking, no advertising), you don't need a cookie banner at all. This is actually the simplest compliant approach — and it's what we recommend for most small business sites.

If you do use Google Analytics or similar tracking, implement a proper consent management platform. Free options like Cookiebot's free tier or Osano work well for small sites.

A compliance checklist

None of this is difficult. It just needs doing properly from the start.

Need a compliant website?

Every site we build includes SSL, GDPR compliance, and proper cookie handling. It's not an add-on — it's standard.

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